doi no.: 05-2016-44975451; 

AFFILIATIONS:
1. Physiotherapy Student, of Physiotherapy, Rimt University.

2. Assistant Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, RIMT University.

Primary headache disorders encompass a heterogeneous group of neurologic disorders that cause recurrent or persistent head pain without any clear underlying cause Headache is one of the most common reasons for neurologic consultation.The epidemiology of the maximumpublic primary headache disorders, tension-type headache and migraine, the maximumpublic trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia, cluster headache, as fine as chronic regular headache are lectured in this assessment.The pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie post-traumatic headache remain largely unknown, but several possible disease mechanisms have been proposed, for which we present the supporting data below. These mechanisms contain impaired down modulation, neurometabolic variations and instigation of the trigeminal sensory system.

Keywords: Efficacy, Management, Search strategy, Physiotherapy, Headache.

Astin JA & Ernst E., (2002). The effectiveness of spinal manipulation for the treatment of headache disorders: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Cephalalgia. 22:617–623.

Chowdhury RS, Islam MD, Akter K, Sarkar MAS, Roy T, Rahman SMT., (2011). Therapeutic Aspects of Hydrotherapy: A Review. Bangladesh J Medicine. 32: 138-141.

Christian Wöber, Julia Holzhammer, Josef Zeitlhofer, Peter Wessely, Çiçek Wöber-Bingöl., (2006). Trigger factors of migraine and tension-type headache. J Headache Pain. 7: 188–195.

Dagny Holle, Steffen Naegel and Mark Obermann., (2014). Pathophysiology of hypnic headache. Cephalalgia. 34(10) 806–812.

Dong Yeop Kim, Mi Ji Lee, Hyun Ah Choi, Hanna Choi and Chin-Sang Chung., (2017). Clinical patterns of primary stabbing headache. The Journal of Headache and Pain. 18(44) 01-09.

Emmanuelle A D Schindler and Mark J Burish., (2022). Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of cluster headache. State of the Art Review.

Falsiroli Maistrello L, Geri T, Gianola S, Zaninetti M and Testa M., (2018). Effectiveness of Trigger Point Manual Treatment on the Frequency, Intensity, and Duration of Attacks in Primary Headaches. Frontiers in neurology. Vol. 9.

Friedman MH., (2004). An Intraoral Etiology and Noninvasive Treatment. Headaches. 125-135.

Fuh J-L, Kuo K-H & Wang S-J., (2007). Primary stabbing headache in a headache clinic. d Cephalalgia. (27) 1005–1009.

G. Zanchin, Dainese F, Mainardi E, Mampreso C, Perin, F. Maggioni., (2005). Osmophobia in primary headaches. J Headache Pain. (6) 213–215.

Jihye Seo, Hongmin Chu, Cheol-Hyun Kim, Kang-Keyng Sung and Sangkwan Lee., (2021). Cupping Therapy for Migraine.

Kharwandikar P, Shende M, Abdul APJ., (2019). Effectiveness of sub - occipital myofascial release and cervical manipulation in patients with cervicogenic headache. Int J Healthc Biomed Res. 25–32.

Kim DH, Moon YS, Kim HS., (2005). Meditation and yoga reduce emotional stress of chronic pain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry. 29:327- 331.

Nagrale, A. V, Glynn, P., Joshi, A., & Ramteke, G. (2010). The efficacy of an integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique on upper trapezius trigger points in subjects with non-specific neck pain: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 18(1): 37–43.

Nampiaparampil, D. E., (2008). Post-traumatic headache: epidemiology and pathophysiological insights. J neurology.Paola Schiapparelli, Gianni Allais, Sara Rolando, Gisella Airola, Paola Borgogno, Maria

Grazia Terzi, Chiara Benedetto., (2011). Acupuncture in primary headache treatment. Neurol Sci. 32 (1) S15–S18.

R.B. Lipton, M.E. Bigal,  T.J. Steiner,  S.D. Silberstein,  and J. Olesen, (2004). Classification of primary headaches. NEUROLOGY (63) 427-435.

Randolph W. Evans and MD., (2019). Diagnostic Testing for Migraine and Other Primary Headaches. Neurologic Clinics. 27(2) 707–725.

Rasmussen BK., (1995). Incidence of Primary Headache. Am J Epidemiol. 161(11) 1066–1073.

Richard B. Lipton,  Seymour Diamond,  Michael Reed, ; Merle L. Diamond,  Walter F. Stewart., (2001). Migraine Diagnosis and Treatment. Headache. 41: 638-645.

Rothrock JF., (2008). Perceived triggers of primary headache disorders: A meta-analysis. Cephalalgia. 38(6) 1188–1198.

Stacey France, Jenna Bown, Matthew Nowosilskyj, Megan Mott, Stephanie Rand and Julie Walters., (2014). Evidence for the use of dry needling and physiotherapy in the management of cervicogenic or tension-type headache. Cephalalgia. 34(12) 994–1003.