EFFECT OF CYCLIC MEDITATION ON PHYSICAL AND MENTAL STRESS IN HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETES- PRE-POST CONTROLLED STUDY

Volume 7-Number 3, July, 2017
Author name : Shunosuke Hiraoka, Ms. Padmasri Gudapti, & Dr. Rajesh S.K.
Page no : 13-25 Volume : 7 Issue : 3

doi no.: 05-2016-44975451, DOI Link :: http://doi-ds.org/doilink/08.2017-74483868/


Shunosuke Hiraoka 1, Ms. Padmasri Gudapti 2, & Dr. Rajesh S.K. 3


Affiliations:

1 Student (M.Sc.) Yoga Therapy, University: Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana Bengaluru (Karnataka).

2 M.Sc. Coordinator, Professor. University: Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana Bengaluru (Karnataka).

3. Assistant Professor. University: Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana Bengaluru (Karnataka).


ABSTRACT


The aim of present study was to find the effect of cyclic meditation on high school athletes. A total of forty six students (male=26, female=20) who belongs to Track and Field team were enrolled for the study and completed the pre, mid and post parameters, and answered questionnaire before and after study, and twenty three yoga group students out of total students have done 35 days Cyclic Meditation (CM) program. Immediately effect of CM on 35th day showed many (following detail) significant changes and larger difference between both groups than 14th day. Yoga group Salivary Amylase (SA) was decreased significantly by 12.1 point (-44%, 0.04, 2-tail), Blood Oxygen Level (BOL) was increased significantly by 0.5 point (1%, 0.04, 2-tail) and Pulse Rate (PR) was decreased significantly by 15.1 point (-18%, 0.00, 2-tail) as against Control group SA was increased significantly by 8.2 point (14%, 0.04, 2-tail), BOL was increased by 0.6 point and PR was decreased significantly by 10.8 point (-15%, 0.00, 2-tail). Decreased SA and PR, and increased BOL indicate improvement in terms of reduced stress levels after CA because of practice of CM. In addition, Yoga group Tension-Anxiety, Depression-Dejection and Confusion were decreased significantly, and rest of negative emotions were also decreased after 35 days due to continuous CM practice. Control group showed only decrease in Confusion but this decrease was less than Yoga group. Moreover, the positive emotion namely6 Vigor, was increased in Yoga group, more than Control group. All Yoga group scores ware superior to Control group in psychological part. This result indicates that Yoga can statistically reduce physical and mental stress which means Yoga helps to thin out stresses, and proved why ancient Yogi Patañjali has used the term thinning .Present author suggest that Yoga, especially CM, is suitable relaxation technique for high school athletes.


Keywords: sports, athletes, yoga, high school student, physical stress, mental stress, relaxation technique, cyclic meditation.


DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT:    url

BIBLIOGRAPHY


Chofu city. Report of attitude survey of Chofu-citizen’s health promotion 2012. Retrieved May 10, 2016, from Chofu city Web site: http://www.city.chofu.tokyo.jp

Cabinet Office Government of Japan. The breakdown of suicide in 2014. Retrieved May, 10, 2016, fromCabinet Office Government of Japan Website: http://www8.cao.go.jp/jisatsutaisaku/toukei/pdf/h26joukyou/s2.pdf

Swami Vivekanada Yoga AnusandhanaSamsthana. (2009). YIC Yoga instructor’s course self-learning material. Bengaluru: Swami vivekanada yoga prakashana. Toward a cognitive-affective model of athletic burnout. Jpurnal of sport psychology, 8: 36-50.

Masaki Nagashima. (2002). Mental support of sports teens from counseling note of psychiatrist, Kodansha, 2002. Ikuo Aoki. (2003). Sport value consciousness of high school athletes and its correlates. Study of Physical Education, 48:207-223.

Ikuo Aoki and Kouji Matsumoto (1997).The determinant psychosocial factors of the adjustment to athletic clubs in high school athletes. Study of Physical Education, 42: 215-232

Hidetsugu Kobayashi, ShinishiIdemura, Nobuhiko Tada and ZinsaburouMatsusawa (2005). Indications of chronic fatigue, subjective symptoms in high school students and relationship with stressors in daily life. Japan Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine 54(6), 693, 2005-12-01.

Tetsuya Hiraomoto, Kazufumi Yoshihara and Chiharu Kubo. (2009). Effect of yoga on mental health and stress sensitivity. Subsidized collected papers of medical health research, March. TkayukiShibukura, Tamotsu Nishida and Banjou Sasaki. (2008). Reconstruction of cognitive appraisal scale of athletic stressors for high school athletes. Japan J. Phys. Educ. Hkth. Sport Sdi. 53; 147-158.

Takayuki Shibukura and Yasushi Mori. (2004). A study of psychological stress process in high school athletes. Japanese society of Physical Education, 49: 535-545.

Butzer B, Day D, Potts A, Ryan C, Coulombe S, Davies B, Weidknecht K, Ebert M, Flynn L, Khalsa SB. (2014). Effects of a classroom based yoga intervention on cortisol and behavior in second- and third grade students: a pilot study. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine,Nov 19.

Balaram Pradhan and Nagarandra H.R. (2010). Effect of yoga relaxation techniques on Performance of DLST by teenagers. Sanjib Patra and ShirleyTelles. (2009). Positive impact of cyclic meditation on subsequent. Med SciMonit, 15(7): CR375-381.

Pailoor Subramanya and Shirley Telles. (2009). A review of the scientific studies on cyclicmeditation. International Journal of Yoga, Issue 2, Jul-Dec. PailoorSubramanya and Shirley Telles. (2009). Effect of two yoga-based relaxation techniques on memory scores and state anxiety. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 3;8.

Masaki Yamaguchi, Takahiro Kanemori, Masashi Kanemaru, Hirofumi Mizuno and Hiroshi Yoshida. (2001). Correlation of Stress and Salivary Amylase Activity. Japanese Journal of Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering, 39-3, 234/239.

Takahiro Nakano and Gaku Suzuki (2009). Utility of including amylase activity values for saliva as the index of physical condition of the athlete, Journal of Nagoya Gakuin University Humanities and natural sciences 46(1), 45-54, 2009.

Atsunori Nakano and Masaki Yamaguchi. (2011). Evaluation of Human Stress using Salivary Amylase. Study of Biofeedback, Vol.38, No.1(2011), Japan Feedback Association,pp.3-9.

Nagao Usui, Hiroshi Oizumi, Satoshi Kurihara and KiheiMaekawa. (1990). Qualitative measurement of hemoglobin oxygenation state during exercise by near-infrared spectrophotometry. Science of Physical Stamina, 39(6), 526,12-01.

YoshikiMuramatsu and Hiroshi Kobayashi. (2014). Assessment of muscle fatigue by NIRS.Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 80(814), DR0167-DR0167.

McNair, D. M., Lorr, M., &Droppleman, L. F. (1971). Manual: Profile of Mood States. San Diego: Educational and Industrial Testing Service.

Judith M. Fouladbakhsh, Jean E, Davis and Hossein N. Yarandi. (2013). Using a standardizedViniyoga protocol for lung cancer survivors: a pilot study examining effects on breathing ease. Jounal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 10, 1, 175-187, June 2013.

Nebojsa Nash Toskovic. (2001). Alterations in selected measures of mood with a single bout of dynamic Taekwondo exercise in college-age students. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2001, 92, 1031-1038.

Rabindra M.A., Pradhan B. and Nagendra H.R. (2014). Effect of short-term yoga based stress management program on mood states of managers. International Journal of Education & Management Studies, 2014, 4(2), 150-152.

Nagendra H.R. and Nagarathna R. (1986). New perspectives in stress management. Bengaluru: Swami Vivekanada yoga prakashana.

Theodore F. Towse, Jill M. Slade, Jeffrey A. Ambrose, Mark C. DeLano, and Ronald A. Meyer. (2011). Quantitative analysis of the postcontractile blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) effect in skeletal muscle. J ApplPhysiol 111: 27–39, 2011.

Tamara C. Valovich McLeod, R. Curtis Bay, John T. Parsons, Eric L. Sauers and Alison R. Snyder (2009). Recent Injury and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adolescent Athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 2009;44(6):603–610.

Lynn Lavallee and Frances Flint (1996).The Relationship of Stress, Competitive Anxiety, Mood State, and Social Support to Athletic Injury. Journal of Athletic Training, 1996; 31(4):296-299.

Ingunn Hagen and Usha S. Nayar (2014). Yoga for children and young people’s mental health and well-being: research review and reflections on the mental health potentials of yoga. Frontiers in PSYCHIANTRY, 2014; (5)35:1-6.

Leslie A. Daly, Sara C. Haden, MarshallHagins, NicholasPapouchis, andPaulMichael Ramirez (2015). Yoga and Emotion Regulation in High School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2015) 794928 : 8-15.

Joshua C. Felver1, Bethany Butzer, Katherine J. Olson, Iona M. Smith and Sat Bir S. Khalsa (2015). Yoga in public school improves adolescent mood and affect. ContempSch Psychol. Sep. (2015); 19(3): 184–192.

SoubhagyalaxmiMohanty, PeriVenkataRamanaMurty, Balaram Pradhan and Alex Hankey (2015). Yoga Practice Increases Minimum Muscular Fitness in Children with Visual Impairment. Journal of Caring Sciences, 2015, 4(4), 253-263.

Leslie A. Daly, Sara C. Haden, Marshall Hagins, Nicholas Papouchis, and Paul Michael Ramirez (2015). Yoga and Emotion Regulation in High School Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, 794928, 8-15.

Atsushi Gotou, Yoshinori Oomomo, Shuichi Morita, KanakoNkashima, Masaru Ueda, TadaakiIkehara and Akira Horii (2002). Effect of stretching on recovery for muscle fatigue. Japan Journal of Physical Fitness and Sport Medicine 51(6), 732, 2002-12.

NoriakiIchihashi and Masaki Yoshida (1991). The effect of stretching on recovery of muscular fatigue by electromyographic analysis. Journal of exercise physiology (4):181-185,1991.

Related Articles

Back to Top